Details

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BUY ATMEGA1281-16AU https://www.utsource.net/itm/p/11249122.html

Parameter	Description	Value / Range
Device	Microcontroller	ATMEGA1281-16AU
Package	Package Type	44-Pin TQFP
Operating Voltage (Vcc)	Supply Voltage Range	2.7 V to 5.5 V
Clock Speed	Maximum Clock Frequency	16 MHz
Flash Memory	Program Memory Size	128 KB
EEPROM	EEPROM Size	4 KB
SRAM	SRAM Size	8 KB
I/O Pins	Number of I/O Pins	32
Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)	Number of ADC Channels	8
ADC Resolution	ADC Resolution	10-bit
Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)	Number of DAC Channels	0
Timers/Counters	Number of 8-bit Timers/Counters	2
Timers/Counters	Number of 16-bit Timers/Counters	2
USART	Number of USARTs	2
SPI	SPI Interface	Yes
TWI	Two-Wire Interface (I2C)	Yes
External Interrupts	Number of External Interrupts	6
Watchdog Timer	Watchdog Timer	Yes
Power Consumption	Active Mode (16 MHz, 3.0 V)	12 mA
Power Consumption	Power Down Mode (3.0 V)	0.5 μA
Temperature Range	Operating Temperature Range	-40°C to +85°C
Programming Interface	In-System Programming (ISP)	Yes
JTAG Support	Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) Support	Yes

Instructions for Using ATMEGA1281-16AU

1. Power Supply:

   • Connect the Vcc pin to a power supply between 2.7 V and 5.5 V.
   • Connect the GND pin to the ground.

2. Clock Configuration:

   • Use an external crystal or oscillator connected to the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins for precise clocking.
   • Alternatively, use the internal RC oscillator for less precise but simpler configurations.

3. Program Memory:

   • Use an ISP programmer to upload code to the flash memory.
   • Ensure the correct fuse settings are programmed for the desired clock source and other configurations.

4. I/O Pins:

   • Configure I/O pins as inputs or outputs using the DDRx registers.
   • Read or write to I/O pins using the PORTx and PINx registers.

5. ADC:

   • Initialize the ADC by setting the appropriate bits in the ADMUX and ADCSRA registers.
   • Start a conversion by setting the ADSC bit in the ADCSRA register.
   • Read the ADC result from the ADCL and ADCH registers.

6. Timers/Counters:

   • Set the mode of operation (normal, CTC, PWM, etc.) using the TCCRnA and TCCRnB registers.
   • Load initial values into the TCNTn registers.
   • Enable interrupts if needed by setting the corresponding bits in the TIMSKn registers.

7. USART:

   • Configure the baud rate, data bits, parity, and stop bits using the UCSRnA, UCSRnB, and UBRRn registers.
   • Send data by writing to the UDRn register.
   • Receive data by reading from the UDRn register.

8. SPI:

   • Set the SPI mode (master or slave) using the SPCR register.
   • Transfer data by writing to the SPDR register and reading from it after the transfer is complete.

9. TWI (I2C):

   • Configure the TWI bus speed and address using the TWBR and TWAR registers.
   • Initiate read or write operations using the TWCR register.

10. Interrupts:

    • Enable global interrupts by setting the I bit in the SREG register.
    • Enable specific interrupts by setting the corresponding bits in the relevant interrupt control registers.

11. Power Management:

    • Use sleep modes to reduce power consumption.
    • Configure the watchdog timer to prevent system lockup.

12. Debugging:

    • Use JTAG for debugging and in-circuit programming.
    • Utilize on-chip debug features for real-time monitoring and breakpoint setting.

For detailed information, refer to the ATMEGA1281-16AU datasheet and application notes provided by Atmel (Microchip).

(For reference only)